A Comprehensive Update on Vascular Dementia: Types, Risk Factors and Management

Abstract

Vascular Dementia comprises a group of mixed dementing disorders due to cerebrovascular insufficiency and impaired blood supply to the brain. It can be divided into different types depending on the nature of the vascular disease. Indeed, any condition which causes the circulation to the brain to be impaired or damaged carries a risk to mental disabilities. The main causes of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are severe hypoperfusion, stroke, high blood pressure (hypertension), large vessel disease (cortical), small vessel disease (subcortical vascular dementia), strategic infarct, haemorrhage (microbleed), vasculopathy (CADASIL) and angiopathy (CAA) that consequently reduces the cerebrovascular perfusion. Further emerging evidences also provides the basis that vascular dementia is associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia. This review gives an update on the types, risk factors and treatment of vascular dementia.Copyright © 2018 iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation. All rights reserved.