Diversity and structure of the root-associated bacterial microbiomes of four mangrove tree species, revealed by high-throughput sequencing

Abstract

Background. Root-associated microbes of the mangrove trees play important roles in protecting and maintaining mangrove ecosystems. At present, most of our un- derstanding of mangrove root-related microbial diversity is obtained from specific mangrove species in selected geographic regions. Relatively little is known about the composition of the bacterial microbiota existing in disparate mangrove species microenvironments, particularly the relationship among different mangrove species in tropical environments. Methods. We collected the root, rhizosphere soil, and non-rhizosphere soil of four mangrove trees (Acanthus ilicifolius, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Clerodendrum inerme, and Lumnitzera racemosa) and detected the 16S rRNA gene by a conventional PCR. We performed high throughput sequencing using Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform (2×250 paired ends) to investigate the bacterial communities related with the different mangrove species. Results. We analyzed the bacterial diversity and composition related to the diverse ecological niches of mangrove species. Our data confirmed distinct distribution patterns of bacterial communities in the three rhizocompartments of the four mangrove species. Microbiome composition varied with compartments and host mangrove species. The bacterial communities between the endosphere and the other two compartments were distinctly diverse independent of mangrove species. The large degree of overlap in critical community members of the same rhizocompartment across distinct mangrove species was found at the phylum level. Furthermore, this is the first report of Acidother- mus found in mangrove environments. In conclusion, understanding the complicated host-microbe associations in different mangrove species could lay the foundation for the exploitation of the microbial resource and the production of secondary metabolites.