Urban green and blue spaces and general and mental health among older adults in Washington state: Analysis of BRFSS data between 2011-2019

Abstract

A growing body of evidence highlights the significant effect of built environment features on mental and general health. This study examined the association between distance to and percentage of green and blue space measures and serious psychological distress, general health, and frequent mental distress among older adults living in urban ZIP codes in Washington state. Percentage of green space, particularly tree canopy and forest space, was significantly associated with better self-rated general health and reduced odds of serious psychological distress. Closer distance to blue space was associated with better self-rated general health. Programs which incentivize exposure to green and blue spaces for urban-dwelling, older adults may improve health outcomes.