Algunas consideraciones de epidemiología e inmunopatología de la peste porcina clásica

Abstract

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a disease caused by RNA virus, Flaviviridae family, genus Pestivirus,known as Pestivirus C. At present its worldwide distribution is known and is the cause of greateconomic losses in pig production. Its only natural reservoirs are pigs and wild boar. The aim ofthis review is to present an update on some relevant epidemiological and immunopathological aspects of CSF. CSF is a notifiable disease for Colombia and persistently infected animals are thekey to its spread and endemicity. CSF virus infection is characterized by disseminated intravascularcoagulation, thrombocytopenia, and immunosuppression, depending on severity due to the virulenceof the different strains. The virus has affinity for monocytes/macrophages and vascular endothelialcells where it has the ability to induce different cellular mechanisms that allow it to proliferate andpersist in the animal, such as: oxidative stress by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen speciesthat generates a decrease of the bioavailability of nitric oxide; mitochondrial fission that allows cellsurvival by inhibiting apoptosis; and immunosuppression due to the depletion of T and B lymphocytescreated by pyroptosis as a function of gasdermin-D in peripheral lymphoid organs that reduces thehumoral and cellular immune response. The immunopathological understanding from the molecularexplanation in CSF is important in the conceptual contribution of the development of new prophylacticand therapeutic strategies that allow to control/eradicate this disease