Statistical physics applied to the neuroscience of altered states: the brain under the influence of psychedelics

Abstract

The primary aim of statistical mechanics is to relate the micropscopic physics governed by Newton’s laws, or else by quantum mechanics, to the macroscopic physics governed by the laws of thermodynamics. Macroscopic properties, such as temperature, may have no meaning at the microscopic level, but they arise as emergent properties in statistical mechanics when the number of particles becomes sufficiently large. The success of statistical mechanics in explaining and predicting a variety of macroscopic phenomena has motivated the application of concepts and methods of statistical physics to study complex systems and complex networks, including in neuroscience. Our aim here is to apply this approach to a key problem in neuroscience: how can we quantitatively understand the neural correlates of altered mental states induced by psychedelic substances? We first give an overview of basic concepts concerning functional connectivity of brain regions. We then discuss the phenomenology and the neuroscience related to psychedelics. Finally, we review some studies that have applied statistical physics and the theory of complex networks to try to gain a better understanding of the brain under the influence of psychedelics