Exercise

Abstract

Altitude has substantial effects on sport and exercise performance. This is the consequence of two domains; (1) physiological and (2) physical. A reduction in barometric pressure decreases partial pressure of inspired oxygen and thereby partial pressures and contents at every step along the oxygen cascade (Fig. 16.1). Thus the availability of oxygen at the mitochondrial level to produce ATP via oxidative phosphorylation is also reduced. This requires adjustments within the oxygen transport cascade for a given workrate and affects the maximal attainable oxygen uptake (VO2max) and hence compromises endurance. In contrast, the decrease in air density reduces air resistance which will facilitate high-velocity performances such as sprint running and throwing events. Various forms of altitude training have been proposed to increase sea level exercise endurance capacity and these will be discussed.