In Vitro Models to Study the Regulatory Roles of Retinoids in Angiogenesis

Abstract

Retinoids are reported to regulate vascular growth and remodeling during embryonic development and wound healing. A better understanding of angiogenic mechanisms of retinoids has clinical implication in pathological conditions such as chronic nonhealing wounds. Here, we describe in vitro angiogenesis assays that can be a useful tool to study the role of retinoids and retinoic acid signaling in the regulation of different features of angiogenesis such as tubulogenesis and branching.