Prevalence of pericardial effusion in systemic diseases

Abstract

Introduction: The presence of 50 mL of fluid or more in the pericardial sac is known as pericardial effusion. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pericardial effusion in patients with systemic diseases. Method: Echocardiographic studies performed at the National Medical Center Siglo XXI Specialty Hospital Cardiology Department between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. According to Weitzman’s criteria, pericardial effusion was classified as mild, < 10 mm, moderate, 10 to 20 mm and severe, > 20 mm. Results: In total, 10,653 studies were reviewed; the prevalence of pericardial effusion was 3.5 % (380), in 209 women (55 %, 45.9 ± 19.0 years) and 171 men (45 %, 41.9 ± 18.5 years). Etiology was uremic in 227 (59.7 %), lymphatic drainage reduction in 73 (15.8 %), autoimmune diseases in 30 (7.9 %), neoplastic in 26 (6.8 %), infectious in 19 (5 %), idiopathic in 14 (3.7 %), hypothyroidism in two (0.5 %), iatrogenic in one (0.3 %) and post-infarction in one (0.3 %). Severity was mild in 87 (22.9 %), moderate in 147 (38.7 %) and severe in 146 (38.4 %). Conclusions: The prevalence of pericardial effusion was 3.5% in patients with systemic diseases.