Dyslipidaemia—Genotype Interactions with Nutrient Intake and Cerebro‐Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

A comprehensive understanding of gene‐diet interactions is necessary to establish proper dietary guidelines to prevent and manage cardio‐cerebrovascular disease (CCD). We investigated the role of genetic variants associated with dyslipidaemia (DL) and their interactions with macro-nutrients for cardiovascular disease using a large‐scale genome‐wide association study of Korean adults. A total of 58,701 participants from a Korean genome and epidemiology study were included. Their dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Dyslipidaemia was defined as total cholesterol (TCHL) ≥ 240 mg/dL, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) < 40 mg/dL, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) ≥ 160 mg/dl, triglycerides (TG) ≥ 200 mg/dl, or dyslipidaemia history. Their nutrient intake was classified as follows: protein intake: high ≥ 30%, 30% > moderate ≥ 20%, and 20% > low in daily total energy intake (TEI); carbohydrate intake: high ≥ 60%, 60% > moderate ≥ 50%, and 50% > low; fat intake: high ≥ 40%, 40% > moderate ≥ 30%, and 30% > low. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated after adjusting for age; sex; body mass index (BMI); exercise status; smoking status; alcohol intake; principal component 1 (PC1); principal component 2 (PC2); and intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This analysis included 20,596 patients with dyslipidaemia and 1027 CCD patients. We found that rs2070895 related to LIPC was associated with HDL‐cholesterol. Patients with the minor allele (A) in rs2070895 had a lower risk of CCD than those carrying the reference allele (G) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.8956, p‐value = 1.78 × 10−2). Furthermore, individuals consuming protein below 20% TEI with the LIPC reference allele had a higher risk of CCD than those with the minor allele (interaction p‐value 6.12 × 10−3). Our findings suggest that the interactions of specific polymorphisms associated with dyslipidaemia and nutrients intake can influence CCD.