Ethical Issues in Pediatric Pharmacogenomics

Abstract

Pharmacogenomics is defined as the study of how genetic variation in drug-metabolizing enzymes, receptors, transporters, and targets contribute to phenotypic variation in drug response, such as toxicity or decreased effectiveness.1 The clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics is an exciting area that is showing promise of enhancing the quality of patient care. As this field of study becomes more widespread, pharmacists are also increasingly being recognized as leaders in this field and are positioned to assume responsibilities that include interpreting pharmacogenomic test results and advising patients and other health care professionals regarding their clinical use.2 Nonetheless, there are ethical implications associated with pharmacogenomics that warrant discussion, including genetic discrimination and the use of genetic information in pharmacogenomic research. Genetic discrimination is especially significant because of legislation that has been passed to prevent its occurrence. Moreover, there is uncertainty about how to best obtain informed consent from research participants when their genetic information is required. It is therefore important that pharmacists understand the principles of pharmacogenomics and consider the ethical dilemmas that may arise with its increased use.