Hubungan bayi berat lahir rendah dan prematuritas dengan kejadian sepsis neonatorum di RSUD Wangaya, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Infant mortality death is still high, 24 per 1,000 live births, and this is still far from the target of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) to decrease the infant mortality rate to 12 per 1,000 live births in 2030. One of the causes of the high burden of infant mortality rate is neonatal sepsis. There are some risk factors that contribute to neonatal sepsis, such as low birth weight and prematurity. The aim of this study was to determine if there were a correlation between low birth weight and prematurity with neonatal sepsis in Wangaya regional general hospital. Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. All data were obtained from secondary data from medical records of patients that were hospitalized in neonatal intensive unit care and perinatology room in Wangaya regional general hospital from January until December 2019. The collected data will be analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis with statistical Chi-Square at a 95% confidence interval. Results: Total samples in this study were 50 neonates. The prevalence of neonatal sepsis in this study was 12 neonates (24%), with 6 neonates having early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) and 6 neonates having late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS). Seventeen neonates (34%) were in the low birth weight category, and 15 neonates (30%) were premature. In bivariate analysis, we found that low birth weight had a p-value of 0.009, a prevalence ratio of 3.9, with a 95% CI of 1.36 – 11.07. Meanwhile, prematurity had a p-value of 0.003 with a prevalence ratio of 4.7, with a 95% CI of 1.66 – 13.16. Conclusion: There was a correlation between low birth weight and prematurity with neonatal sepsis in Wangaya regional general hospital.   Latar Belakang: Angka kematian neonatus hingga saat ini masih cukup tinggi yaitu 24 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup dan belum mencapai target Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) yaitu menurunkan angka kematian neonatus menjadi 12 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup pada tahun 2030. Salah satu penyebab tingginya angka kematian neonatus adalah sepsis neonatorum. Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang menyebabkan sepsis neonatorum, antara lain bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) dan prematuritas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara BBLR dan prematuritas dengan kejadian sepsis neonatorum di RSUD Wangaya. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional.  Data penelitian diambil dari data sekunder, berupa rekam medis pasien yang dirawat di ruangan Perina dan Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) RSUD Wangaya pada periode Januari – Desember 2019. Data yang berhasil dikumpulkan akan dilakukan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square pada interval kepercayaan (IK) 95%. Hasil: Total sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 50 neonatus. Prevalensi sepsis neonatorum pada penelitian ini sebanyak 12 bayi (24%), dengan rincian 6 bayi (50%) menderita sepsis neonatal awitan dini (SNAD) dan sisanya 6 bayi (50%) menderita sepsis neonatal awitan lambat (SNAL). Jumlah bayi BBLR sebanyak 17 bayi (34%) dan prematur sebanyak 15 bayi (30%). Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan faktor BBLR memiliki p-value 0,009; rasio prevalens (RP) 3,9 dengan 95% IK 1,36 – 11,07, sedangkan faktor prematuritas memiliki p-value 0,003; RP 4,7 dengan 95% IK 1,66 – 13,16. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara BBLR dan prematuritas dengan sepsis neonatorum di RSUD Wangaya.