Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of a Bilayer Chitosan Skin Regenerating Template, Human Skin Allograft, and Integra Implants in Rats

Abstract

Introduction . Chitosan is a nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer obtained from chitin by N-deacetylation using strong alkali. Chitosan in a form of a bilayer skin regenerating template can act as a scaffold for regeneration. Integra is a two-layer skin regeneration system, constructed of a matrix of crosslinked fibers that acts as a scaffold for regenerating dermal skin cells. Human skin allografts (HSAs) are the “gold standard” for temporary coverage of clean burn wounds. Objectives . The objective of this study was to conduct in-vivo, preclinical biocompatibility evaluations of Integra, HSA, and Chitosan skin regenerating template (SRT). Methods . Paravertebral subcutaneous pockets were created for the implantation of test materials. Implants were retrieved after 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Slides of sections through the implants were examined to determine biocompatibility. Results . Chitosan SRT and Integra showed similar inflammatory patterns. HSA showed a higher inflammatory reaction initially which then reduced to levels similar to Integra and Chitosan SRT. Chitosan SRT and Integra also shared similar angiogenesis levels. Towards the end, all implants were degraded with decreased tissue response. Conclusion . Integra, Chitosan SRT, and HSA have been shown to be biocompatible. Integra and Chitosan SRT seem to illicit similar tissue responses.