Social self-value intervention for empowerment of HIV infected people using antiretroviral treatment: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background: Prevention and antiretroviral therapy (ART) management for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected people need to have long-term health care. An empowerment focused intervention is a procedure by which HIV infected people obtain combined possession of programs to attain mainly cost-effective HIV outcomes and deal with social and structural difficulties related to their universal health access and human rights. Empowerment is a key approach for addressing HIV related issues that focuses on addressing a broader context. However, the practices of empowerment based approaches are sparse. We assessed the effect of an intervention to empower HIV infected people receiving ART. Methods: In this open-label randomized controlled trial, HIV infected people from Nepal who were using ART from 6 to 24 months and were aged 18 years and above were randomly assigned to receive either the intervention or routine care. The intervention was led by two counselors for a period lasting six weeks. Participants were followed up at three and six months after the baseline. The primary outcome was change in empowerment scores, analyzed by using Difference-in-Difference (DiD). Results: Between September and November 2014, 1447 HIV infected people were screened, of whom 132 were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 66) or control (n = 66) group. All the participants completed the 3- and 6- months follow up. A significant difference in mean empowerment score was found between the groups at 3- (46.77, p-value <0.001) and 6- (49.71, p-value <0.001) months follow up. The average treatment effect (after matching intervention and control individuals) showed that the participants who received the intervention increased their mean empowerment scores from baseline by 47.05 (p-value <0.001, at three months) and 49.87 (p-value <0.001, at six months) than those who did not receive the intervention. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Social self-value intervention provided to HIV infected people during ART increased their empowerment. This intervention can be expanded to be utilized in routine services. Trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry, number TCTR20140814002.