Delivering energy from PEV batteries: V2G, V2B and V2H approaches

Abstract

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) sales have grown in the last years. Depending on the PEV model, each PEV can store approximately between 5-40 kWh of energy. This energy can be used not only for travel purposes but also for other appliances like providing energy for homes (V2H) or buildings (V2B) and even for supply ancillary services to distribution network operators, through vehicle to grid concept (V2G). This paper presents the different strategies that can be found in the literature about delivering energy from PEV batteries. Also, commercial solutions and pilot projects are presented.