Special population: Children and adolescents

Abstract

Prevalence rates of chronic illness in childhood have increased steadily over the last several decades. Caring for the child with chronic illness is a complex task that requires a multidisciplinary approach across multiple care settings. In addition to the medical settings of outpatient clinics, emergency rooms, and hospitals, children with chronic illness receive care in their homes, schools, and communities. Chronic illness and frequent or prolonged hospitalizations can negatively affect a child’s physical, cognitive, emotional, and psychological development. Health-care providers can identify problems and mitigate negative consequences. Chronic illness in children has a significant impact on their future adult health. Health-care models must maximize the health potential of children with chronic illness.