Aerobic and Anaerobic Attached Growth Biotechnologies

Abstract

This chapter provides a scientific approach to current and future environmental problems caused or exacerbated by biotechnologies. Proven engineering interventions were formerly considered to be sanitary engineering practices but presently fall under the category of environmental engineering. Unique challenges are presented by biotechnologies that were not ordinarily found in environmental engineering practice earlier. Proper design and implementation of environmental sampling and monitoring programs need to be considered, based on the sound application of physical, chemical, and biological processes. It is essential to achieve feasible and representative data to support risk assessment and other environmental decision-making. With intervention at the source of contamination, a source of biological or chemical agent must be known and properly characterized. The intervention must minimize or eliminate risks to public health and the environment by utilizing technologies that are economically acceptable and based on applicable scientific principles and sound engineering designs.