Chromoblastomycosis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Abstract

Purpose of review: There is growing recognition of melanized fungi as uncommon but important causes of infection among solid organ transplant recipients. Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis exist at opposing ends of the spectrum of disease caused by these fungi. We aim to systematically review the reports of chromoblastomycosis among transplant recipients to assess for trends in epidemiology and clinical outcomes. Recent Findings: We identified 19 reported cases of histologically confirmed chromoblastomycosis among solid organ transplant recipients published between 1985 and 2018. Despite these patients’ impaired immunity, chromoblastomycosis remained localized to the skin and subcutaneous tissue in the majority of patients. Clinical outcomes were generally good with medical, surgical, or combined management. Summary: Although chromoblastomycosis has a low incidence in this population, it is important to consider as a cause of chronic, non-healing skin infections. Further research is needed to better elucidate the impact of transplantation on the natural course of this condition.