Prevalence of and risk factors associated with anal HPV infection among men who have sex with men in Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Anal human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infection. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are commonly affected by anal HPV infection. Until now, there is no data available on the prevalence of HPV genotype in the MSM in Indonesia Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of anal HPV infection among MSM in Bali, Indonesia. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among MSM in Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia. Blood samples were collected for HIV serological testing and syphilis serological screening, and anal swabs were collected for HPV genotyping. Risk factors associated with anal HPV infection were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Anal HPV infections were also being categorized into any anal HPV types, HR HPV types, LR HPV types, and multiple HPV types. Results: Mean age of participants was 31.4 years. The prevalence of HPV infection was 89.3% and 61.3% for coinfection between LR and HR types. Almost half of our participants had at least two HR anal HPV and they were co-infected with HPV 16, 39, and 51. Participants with HIV infection were associated with anal HPV, LR HPV, and multiple HPV types of infections. Conclusion: HIV status were associated with anal HPV infection among MSM in Bali, Indonesia. Since all of the participants with at least two anal HPV genotypes were co-infected with HPV 16, 39, and 51, it is to be hoped that HPV vaccination can be introduced into MSM communities in Bali, Indonesia.