Germany's transition toward an energy system based on renewable resources: An overview

Abstract

The transition toward an energy system based on renewable resources is a trans-national challenge that requires coordinated policies among governments. As a consequence, it is one of the European Union's (EU's) major objectives to bring forward directives that lead to an efficient internal market for electricity. This market is supposed to ensure security of power supply and consumer benefits based on increasing competition between energy utilities. Germany plays an important role in this development because of its geographic location at the center of Europe, its economic capacity, and its political influence. The German government has expressed in different position papers, initiatives, and legislative measures that there is a strong political will to be a forerunner in the global transition to a system based on renewable energy sources. A Smart Grid infrastructure is an integral part of this future energy system. And even though, for example, smart meter roll-out is more advanced in other countries (e.g. Italy and Sweden), Germany is being observed with regard to an integrated, long-term approach to Smart Grids.