Conclusion: Next Steps for Investigation and Research

Abstract

This chapter reviews areas for future directions in research and program development for youth experiencing homelessness. These include investigations of early childhood and family precedents for adolescent homelessness, the intergenerational legacy of poverty, racialization and discrimination, and the increased risk of homelessness among high-risk populations including LGBTQ2S youth and ethnic minorities such as Indigenous and African American youth. The chapter draws attention to the need for research reviewing efficacy of approaches to provide homeless youth with easy access to medical services including contraceptives and other sexual health resources, HIV screening and management, and STI screening and management. The role of children and youth experiencing child neglect abuse as a risk factor for adolescent homelessness, understanding the origins, evaluation of approaches to prevention, and the importance of having a meaningful response to reporting maltreatment are discussed. The key importance of engaging public school teachers and staff in engaging adolescents at risk for homelessness, or already homeless, is discussed. There is a discussion of the importance of including migrant and refugee youth in education and assuring adequate housing and access to health care. Young mothers require high priority and stable housing and education in the care of infants and young children with an exploration of engaging parents and extended family members. The importance of providing support for youth in their transition to independent living who leave foster care and juvenile justice systems is discussed, including provision of support such as rent subsidies and tuition for post-secondary school and trade school. Youth who are deeply engaged in substance abuse, in particular opioid abuse, need targeted programs for engagement and treatment. Coordination of effective systems for engagement and stabilization of homeless youth need to be evaluated.