Cancer

Abstract

Cancer involves the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Internal factors (e.g., genetic mutations) and external factors (e.g., tobacco use, sun exposure, or infectious agents such as hepatitis C virus) increase risk for developing specific cancer types. Behavioral medicine for patients with cancer targets the following aims: (1) reduce psychological distress, (2) improve quality of life (QOL) and functional status, (3) increase adherence to medical regimens or specific health behaviors, and/or (4) manage side effects related to cancer or its treatment. Practitioners also may assist patients and families in coping with anticipatory grief, bereavement, loss of dignity, or other existential or end-of-life concerns. Behavioral medicine interventions commonly are multi-modal and target multiple outcomes. Trained providers may deliver interventions in individual or group settings, or in a clinical setting such as a chemotherapy or radiotherapy unit. Common intervention strategies include cognitive-behavioral, supportive-expressive, and relaxation- or mindfulness-based techniques, as described in this chapter. When possible, practitioners should collaborate with the oncology team and other specialists involved in the patient's care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)