Swaddling as a Risk Factor for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Perception and Knowledge of Family Medicine and Pediatric Residents

Abstract

Objectives: Several risk factors were associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH); however, the most common modifiable risk factor is swaddling. Swaddling is a common practice in Saudi Arabia with different unsafe techniques. The aim of our study is to evaluate the awareness and perception of family medicine and pediatric residents of swaddling techniques and their relations to DDH and to look for the effectiveness of an educational intervention on changing their attitude and perception regarding this topic. Methods: This cross-sectional study targeted family medicine and pediatric residents. Each of the participants received a validated questionnaire that was filled before and after a presentation by a pediatric orthopedic consultant regarding different aspects of DDH. Results: The study included 61 residents. Participants’ age ranged from 25 to 30 years. There was a significant correlation between the prelecture scores and the practicing period of the physicians (P = 0.003). Results showed that participants’ mean knowledge score before the intervention was 3.801 ± 2.18 (out of 8) while after the intervention increased to 6.903 ± 1.12. Conclusion: More than half of the participants lacked the knowledge about swaddling and DDH. The educational intervention significantly increased their knowledge and perception. This clearly means that first-line physicians encountering DDH patients need educational sessions on this topic to manage them safely and educate them about safe swaddling techniques.