Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined with Microwave-Assisted Extraction Using Eco-friendly Solvents as a New Approach for the Analysis of Toxic Compounds from Environmental Solid Matrices

Abstract

Generally, Soxhlet extraction is still the most used technique in the official methods of analysis for solid matrices. This traditional approach is expensive, time-consuming, and environmentally unfriendly. For some years, a great effort has been made to develop alternative and high-throughput analytical methods for the pollutant extraction from solids in compliance with the basic requirements of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC). One of the most interesting approaches is the microwaveassisted extraction (MAE) because it allows for the rapid extraction of target molecules from solid matrices with low solvent consumption; besides, the working parameters can be controlled and properly optimized by univariate or multivariate approaches.