Future Challenges: The Sociology of Racial and Ethnic Relations

Abstract

These concluding remarks demonstrate that systemic racism involves the institutionalized patterns of subordinate and dominant societal positions, respectively, for people of color and for whites in a white-controlled, hierarchically arranged society. It reviews the systemic reality of white-imposed racism in the past and present, as it is seen in the exploitative and discriminatory practices of whites targeting people of color—and thus in the significant resources and privileges unjustly gained and legitimated by whites in that process.