Benzoquinones from scent glands of phalangiid harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Eupnoi): A lesson from Rilaena triangularis

Abstract

In case of disturbance, the phalangiine harvestman Rilaena triangularis (Eupnoi, Phalangiidae) emits a directed jet from large prosomal scent (“defensive”) glands. The pungent-smelling secretion was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and found to contain mainly 1,4-benzoquinone along with 1,4-naphthoquinone and caprylic (=octanoic) acid. While various alkylated benzoquinones are characteristic for the scent gland secretions of many grassatorean Laniatores, this is the first incidence of benzoquinone-based chemical defense in palpatorean harvestmen.