Prediction of Punching Strength of Reinforced Concrete Footings by Finite Element Method

Abstract

Copyright © 2010 ACM. In this contribution, we are focusing on this side of complexity which is grounded on omnipresence of interpretation in the production of cognitive objects in the processes of innovation and design, their organization and management. Our & quot;socio-cognitive & quot; approach allows highlighting the status of these objects (particularly the concept of a & quot;system & quot;) and also what & quot;producing knowledge & quot; means in the frame of such processes. This reflection leads us to (re-) consider the way we have to build & quot;systems & quot; socio-cognitively, to take life-cycles into consideration and to begin to think about the development of knowledge and competences that actors (particularly project managers) need in order to intervene cleverly in the management of such projects of innovation and design.