Conclusions

Abstract

The chapter reviews the main findings of the volume, reassessing resilience-based approaches to foreign policy in light of the insights provided by the contributors. Resilience provides a conceptual bridge between expectations and reality, between sponsors of reforms and local actors, as well as between policy and academic communities. Moreover, resilience has served as a bridge between and within NATO, the EU, and their members thanks to its constructive ambiguity. In order to prevent the concept of resilience from becoming too ambiguous to be truly constructive, however, scholars and policy-makers alike need to explicitly address questions such as whose resilience should be enhanced, against what, by whom and why.