Nanoparticles as potential endocrine disruptive chemicals

Abstract

Nanoparticles are three-dimensional particulates different from their parent compound and possess novel electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. They have applications in a variety of areas like medicine, engineering, environmental remediation, etc. Small particle size and high surface area further increase the exposure of NPs to humans through inhalation and dermal absorption. Use of NPs in our daily life is increasing everyday as a part of cosmetics, food, etc. Exposure of humans to NPs can cause modulation or alterations in cell signaling process. These NPs penetrate into the cell and disrupt normal functions. In recent years, there is a lack of information about the possible hazardous effect of nanoparticles on human health and disruption of endocrine system. NPs cause hormonal disruption, neurological and immune disorders, impact fertility, and act as endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs). EDCs disrupt the body’s normal function due to their ability to block or mimic a hormone’s natural function. EDCs include industrial (bisphenol A, PCB, plasticizers, dioxins, etc.) and synthetic chemicals (pesticides, solvents, etc.). Exposure of humans to EDCs is unavoidable, so there is a serious need to identify the compounds that have high impact on human health especially by acting through the hormonal system to alter cell signaling and functions. This review summarizes different types of NPs and their potential impact on hormone signaling and functioning of major systems in the human body.