ABORSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM (SUATU ANALISIS DENGAN PENDEKATAN FIQH AL-MUQÂRIN)

Abstract

Abortion is one of the contemporary law problems frequently debated. In Indonesia, abortion is not only a law problem but also a moral problem. Posing abortion within the law and moral perspective bocomes important since it is related to the law dealing with the termination of a child's right to life. This article deals with the status of abortion within the Islamic law and moral perspective, employing the method of fiqh al-muqârin (comparative fiqh), that is by comparing and conforming the ikhtilâf of abortion amongst the jurists (fuqahâ'). After analyzing the jurists' opinions of abortion, the writer found that since sperms and ovums come together and pertlization occurs, abortion is judged as a crime, and therefore the law status of which is proscribed. ‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﻘﺎط‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮة‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻼﻣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻘﮭﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﺣﻜﺎﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺰال‬. ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬-‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻧﺪوﻧﯿﺴﯿﺎ‬-‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫اﺧﻼﻗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎرت‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﮭﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮدا‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬. ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﻼﻗﯿﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫وھﻰ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷوﻻد‬. ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﺗﻮﻓﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺎول‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﯿﺔ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫واﻷﺧﻼﻗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت‬. ‫أﺧﯿﺮا‬ , ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻰ‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫اﺗﺤﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﯿﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻷوﻻد‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﺸﺒﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻘﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﯿﻨﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻜﻢ‬. Kata Kunci: aborsi, hukum Islam, moral