Coverage and fidelity of the Xpert MTB/RIF™ implementation in a high-burden area for pulmonary tuberculosis in Colombia

Abstract

The Xpert MTB/RIF™ is a rapid molecular test that diagnoses tuberculosis and rifampin resistance. Since 2010, it is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and although it was introduced in Colombia since 2012, the results of its implementation are unknown. Objective: To describe the coverage and fidelity in the implementation of the Xpert MTB/ RIF™ in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in a city with a high burden for the disease in Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study of cases from a tuberculosis program in Cali between 2013 and 2019. We estimated the coverage as the total number of tests used compared to the cases registered in the program and the fidelity based on international Xpert MTB/RIF™ implementation protocols. We performed a multivariate analysis of multiple correspondences between the test and the sociodemographic variables. Results: We included 6,328 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis of whom 181 were drugresistant. The Xpert MTB/RIF™ coverage was 10,3% (n=655) with an annual variation between 0.2% and 23%. Loyalty among the highest risk groups of MDR-TB was 46.8%. The use of the test was related to being an Afro-Colombian man between 41 and 60 years of age. Conclusions: The coverage of the Xpert MTB/RIF in Cali is low and its use does not follow the recommended prioritization for its implementation. Implementation strategies are required for its proper use to contribute to the goal of ending tuberculosis.