Sex and gender in medical literature

Abstract

While developing the general concept of this book, we were aware of a lack of a clear understanding of the concepts of sex and gender by many practicing medical professionals. On the one side, many of us have never been confronted with the issue during their studies or postgraduate training,1 on the other hand, the importance of the recognition of sex and gender as clinically relevant issues is only beginning to be acknowledged and for much time one had to intensively look for it in order to identify possible associations with health and disease.