Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in premature infants results in inflammation, arrested oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) maturation, and reduced myelination of the white matter. Hyaluronan (HA) inhibits OPC maturation and complexes with the heavy chain (HC) of glycoprotein inter-α-inhibitor to form pathological HA (HC–HA complex), which exacerbates inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that IVH would result in accumulation of HA, and that either degradation ofHAby hyaluronidase treatment or elimination of HCs from pathological HA by HA oligosaccharide administration would restore OPC maturation, myelination, and neurological function in survivors with IVH. To test these hypotheses,weused the preterm rabbit model of glycerol-inducedIVHand analyzed autopsy samples from premature infants.Wefound that totalHAlevels were comparable in both preterm rabbit pups andhumaninfants with and without IVH, but HA receptors-CD44, TLR2, TLR4-were elevated in the forebrain of both humans and rabbits with IVH. Hyaluronidase treatment of rabbits with IVH reduced CD44 and TLR4 expression, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and microglia infiltration. It also promoted OPC maturation, myelination, and neurological recovery. HC–HA and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 were elevated in newborns with IVH; and depletion of HC–HA levels by HA oligosaccharide treatment reduced inflammation and enhanced myelination and neurological recovery in rabbits with IVH. Hence, hyaluronidase or HA oligosaccharide treatment represses inflammation, promotes OPC maturation, and restores myelination and neurological function in rabbits with IVH. These therapeutic strategies might improve the neurological outcome of premature infants with IVH.
CITATION STYLE
Vinukonda, G., Dohare, P., Arshad, A., Zia, M. T., Panda, S., Korumilli, R., … Ballabh, P. (2016). Hyaluronidase and Hyaluronan oligosaccharides promote neurological recovery after intraventricular hemorrhage. Journal of Neuroscience, 36(3), 872–889. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3297-15.2016
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