Functional Movement Disorders

Abstract

Functional movement disorders (FMD) are a part of the spectrum of functional neurological disorders that can mimic organic neurological conditions, but they usually have an underlying psychiatric cause. These disorders do not have any structural or biochemical abnormality. Many neurologists and physicians are reluctant to diagnose FMD for fear of missing an underlying organic and potentially treatable disorder. In addition, it is also difficult for the patient to accept the diagnosis. Traditionally the diagnosis of FMD has been classically viewed as one of exclusion. However, with recent developments in clinical and electrophysiological advances, diagnostic criteria have been established that help clinicians make an accurate diagnosis and management. Early diagnosis is essential to avoid multiple referrals, unnecessary investigations, inadvertent therapies including surgeries, and the belief of suffering from an undiagnosed condition. Treatment of FMD is a multidisciplinary approach that comprises neurologists, psychiatrists, physiotherapists, psychiatric social workers, and physical therapists.