Electron at High Fields

Abstract

Electrons at high fields are discussed, including tunneling through barriers of different shape; band to band tunneling, tunneling in a three dimensional lattice. Tunneling currents are calculated. Tunneling spectroscopy is introduced. Tunneling with phonon assistance. and with trap assistance is evaluated. Tunneling with photon assistance, the Franz-Keldysh effect is defined. The influence of the electric field on defect levels is shown as Stark effect. Field effect in superlattices are identified. The ionization via energetic particles is discussed.