The restructuring of littoral zones

Abstract

Littoral zones are centers of community life in shallow lakes and reservoirs. Invertebrates and young fishes forage and seek cover among the bottom and plant habitats found inshore. Because boaters and swimmers scorn dense vegetation, lake shallows are defoliated with chemical herbicides or mechanical harvesters. Such wanton destruction of animal and plant life can be avoided by restructuring littoral zones. This architectural approach views lakes as aquascapes that can be improved for both recreation and biological diversity. A lake use plan is first developed from a hydrographic map depicting summer macrophyte growth and patterns of lake use. The lake is next zoned into areas of similar function. A management strategy is then tailored to each zone. Some lakes are managed for specific functions; others for multiple use. Intensive management is applied to open space zones for swimmers and boaters. Posting speed or time restrictions on power boating in these zones can reduce user conflicts. Prime angling habitat is constructed in other areas by channelization or transplantation. Quiet zones of dense foliage are reserved for waterfowl. Emergent cover is planted on shore for birds and small mammals. Restructuring littoral zones ultimately provides a balanced and integrated approach to enhancing lake recreation without needless loss of community life. © 1987 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.