Green chemistry approach towards nanoparticle synthesis

Abstract

Nanoparticle synthesis using plant extracts have numerous applications in different fields such as therapeutics (antimicrobials, antiviral, anticancerous), industries (catalyst, dye degradation), biosensors, agriculture, nanocomposites, etc. Plants contain primary (carbohydrates, proteins) as well as secondary metabolites (alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, etc.) which not only have medicinal values but also possess potential for nanoparticle synthesis. Plant metabolites act as reducing and capping agents for nanoparticles. The plant extract-based synthesis is economical and controlled in terms of shape and size of nanoparticles. The plant-based nanoparticles are free from toxic contaminants and, thus, more compatible for therapeutic applications. Plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis is one of the best alternatives, economically as well as environmentally.