Ulcerative colitis

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease more common in developed countries and most often presenting between ages 15 and 30 with an additional peak in the sixth decade. Many possible etiologies have been implicated, including genetic mutations, environmental factors, infectious agents, and immunologic disturbances; however, no cause has been conclusively determined. The development of ulcerative colitis appears to be multifactorial; genetic markers have been identified, the disease runs in families, and it also responds to immunosuppressive medications. Involvement of the rectum with continuous distribution of inflammation proximally, not involving the small intestine, is the classic feature that distinguishes UC from other inflammatory bowel conditions such as Crohn’s disease (CD). However, it is important to note that this presentation may vary, making the diagnosis difficult in certain cases.