Multi-methods Research to Examine External HMI for Highly Automated Vehicles

Abstract

Will other road users know how to interact safely and effectively with highly automated and driverless vehicles (HAV’s), especially in situations where there may be uncertainty, such as turn-taking and stop intersections? Focusing on interaction-rich, urban contexts, we studied roadway practices among todays’ drivers, pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorcyclists. Based on results from these field studies, we have been developing and testing concepts for using external Human-Machine Interfaces to signal intent. In this paper we provide a summary of this work based on a multi-methods program of research.