Identification of FAM181A and FAM181B as new interactors with the TEAD transcription factors

Abstract

The Hippo pathway is a key signaling pathway in the control of organ size and development. The most distal elements of this pathway, the TEAD transcription factors, are regulated by several proteins, such as YAP (Yes-associated protein), TAZ (transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif) and VGLL1-4 (Vestigial-like members 1–4). In this article, combining structural data and motif searches in protein databases, we identify two new TEAD interactors: FAM181A and FAM181B. Our structural data show that they bind to TEAD via an Ω-loop as YAP/TAZ do, but only FAM181B possesses the LxxLF motif (x any amino acid) found in YAP/TAZ. The affinity of different FAM181A/B fragments for TEAD is in the low micromolar range and full-length FAM181A/B proteins interact with TEAD in cells. These findings, together with a recent report showing that FAM181A/B proteins have a role in nervous system development, suggest a potential new involvement of the TEAD transcription factors in the development of this tissue.