Next-generation sequencing for cancer genomics

Abstract

In the last couple of decades, availability of high-throughput genomic technologies such as microarrays and next-generation sequencing (NGS) has provided unprecedented insights into the complexity of cancer genomics. In particular, NGS with its ability to provide an unbiased view of the genome is a very useful tool in studying the cancer genome which is characterized by de novo genetic aberrations. Using NGS, gene expression signatures, copy number variations, mutations, and epigenetic changes such as methylation as well as histone modifi cations can be identifi ed which could point towards novel diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. Comprehensive understanding of the cancer genomics could also provide mechanistic insights into cancer susceptibility, development, and progression. This chapter provides an overview of the studies that have applied NGS technologies to further our understanding of cancer.