Risk Assessment Based on Molecular and Genetic Markers in Prostate Cancer

Abstract

The current treatment paradigm of prostate cancer has increasingly emphasized the importance of reliable biomarkers that help stratify patients and aid in decision-making. The rapid development of numerous novel biomarkers in the past decade has made this process much more challenging. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of the widely used biomarkers that are supported by clinical evidence. Specifically, the focus will be on diagnostic (PHI®, 4K score, IsoPSA®, SelectMDx®, ConfirmMDx®, PCA3, TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion) and prognostic (OncotypeDX GPS®, Prolaris®, ProMark®, Decipher®) biomarkers. In order to better understand the value of these biomarkers in clinical decision-making, there will be an emphasis on clinical context as the literature is reviewed.