Evaluation of the Genetic Material of the Grass Pea (Lathyrus Sativus L.) Seed Collection in Northern Kazakhstan

Abstract

One of the main agriculture fields in the Republic of Kazakhstan is the diversification of crop production based on the preservation of soil fertility and minimal cultivation technologies. Ensuring sustainable grain production of legumes will significantly increase and strengthen the role of grain production in the country's economy, will allow significant amounts of land resources to be involved in agricultural production, increase employment in the industry and increase the export potential of Kazakhstan. The purpose of this project was to study the genetic material of the seed collection using a comprehensive analysis of economically valuable traits based on phenotypic analysis. The study aimed to identify sources and donors of valuable traits to involve them in crosses and create new breeding lines. The object of the study was plants and grain of 39 samples of grass pea of different ecological and geographical origins. During the implementation of the project, methods certified and tested in research programs were used. The authors identified the earliest maturing samples: IFLA 479 (Ethiopia), IFLA 2026 (Bangladesh), IFLA 151 (Greece), IFLA 158 (Greece), IFLA 220 (Russia), IFLA 2460 (Bangladesh); samples with the largest number of beans per plant: IFLA 160 (Germany), IFLA 142 (Greece); by the number of grains per plant: IFLA 160 (Germany); by weight of 1,000 grains: IFLA 123 (Greece), IFLA 151 (Greece), IFLA 2282 (Bangladesh), IFLA 2475 (Bangladesh), IFLA 479 (Ethiopia); samples distinguished by yield: IFLA 2282, IFLA 2475, IFLA 2026, IFLA 2213 (Bangladesh) and IFLA 142 (Greece) 21.35; 20.92; 17.57; 17.19 and 16,76 kg/ha, respectively. The introduction of the most productive varieties of leguminous crops into modern production will solve the problem of proper nutrition, strengthen the fodder base, increase soil fertility, economic and social sustainability of the agricultural and industrial sectors.