Pharmaceuticals And Personal Care Products (Ppcp) In Canadian Urban Waters: A Management Perspective

Abstract

A management perspective on pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Canadian urban waters is presented. The issues of PPCPs occurrence, effects, and means of control have been studied intensively during the past 10 years, but the information available is not yet sufficient to develop risk assessment/management strategies at this time. The management strategies receiving most attention include PPCP emission controls by pharmaceutical return programs, education of medical professionals to reduce prescription rates, incentives for green drug manufacturing, improving treatment technologies for drinking water and wastewaters, and introducing risk assessment regulations. Further research is needed on both effects and risk mitigation by the above listed measures.