Malaysia: communalism and the political system

Abstract

Since 1959, two years after independence, changes in key areas have been made which modified the operation of the political system. These have been the result of communally based conflicts and crises. This article examines the changes in three key areas, the electoral and parliamentary systems and political participation. Malaysia has maintained the appearances of a parliamentary democracy. Severe restrictions have been justified on the grounds that communal harmony and stability are worthy goals. The limiting of Malaysian democracy over the years is not without benefits insofar as the country has developed rapidly since independence. The major casualty however is the limited ability of the citizens to influence the decisions that affect their lives. -from Author