Zero and nonzero normal uxes of thermal radiative boundary layer ow of nanouid over a radially stretched surface

Abstract

The axisymmetric flow of a nanoparticles-saturated fluid with existence of thermic radiation over a stretched sheet is investigated. The effects of zero (passive control) as well as nonzero fluxes (active control) of nanoparticles on the plate on distributions of temperature and volumetric fraction of nanoparticles are investigated together comparatively. Through the supposition of boundary layer, the Navier-Stokes equations are simplified hence converted into non-dimensional form by similarity transformation. A shooting technique is engaged to deal with the emerging nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations numerically in MATLAB software. Several distributions of velocity, thermal energy, and volumetric fraction of nanoparticles under zero/nonzero normal flux are graphically demonstrated. The impact of the parameters on the reduced coefficient of skin friction, Nur and Shr, are also investigated. The presence of thermic radiation under consideration of both zero and nonzero normal fluxes has significant effects on the intensification of the flow heat transfer. Thermophoresis enhances the heat conductivity performance in the case of zero fluxes of nanoparticles.