Need for Panel of Immunohistochemical Markers in Primary Intraosseous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Ex Odontogenic Keratocyst

Abstract

Aim: A unique case of Primary Intraosseous Squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) arising from the lining of OKC in a 49-year-old female patient, quite aggressive in nature is presented here. Background: The occurrence of (PIOSCC) from an odontogenic cyst is rare with the incidence being 0.3–3%. Case description: In the present case histopathology was deceptive owing to the presence of spindle-shaped cells. This prompted us to use a panel of immunohistochemical markers such as CD34, Pancytokeratin, CK5/6, SMA, S100, and p63 to differentiate from sarcoma. Conclusion: The probable pathogenesis for such a transformation into malignancy could be attributed to the hypothesis of chronic inflammation. According to the English literature review, 34 cases have been reported until now, with the present case being the 35th case. Clinical significance: This report emphasizes the use of immunohistochemistry to arrive at a definitive diagnosis in scenarios of overlapping histological features.