Estrogen-dependent transcriptional activity: A protection against ROS in osteoarthritis

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder characterized by morphological, biochemical, molecular, and biomechanical changes in all joint tissues. Despite the heterogenic pathogenesis, it has been described that the imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species and cellular scavenging mechanisms-or oxidative stress-is critical for disease progression. Thus, the production of ROS not only destroys cartilage but also amplifies the inflammatory process that helps to perpetuate disease. On the other hand, since estrogens play an important role in preserving homeostasis of articular tissues, they could also act protecting the joint tissues against oxidative stress. In agreement, it has been shown that estrogen deficiency results in an increased oxidation load eventually leading to DNA damage. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity could be restored with the administration of 17β-estradiol, indicating that estrogens might buffer the impact of oxidative stress. Estrogens represent an interesting approach for the treatment of OA, with favorable direct effects on the chondrocyte metabolism and antioxidative properties.