Management of water imbalance in schizophrenia

Abstract

In this chapter, we review the epidemiology of polydipsia, mild/moderate chronic hyponatremia, and episodic water intoxication in schizophrenia. We then summarize the clinical presentation, paying particular attention to unique clinical features of the psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, polydipsia (PIP) syndrome. Next we address the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of water imbalance in this population, and summarize what is known about the pathophysiology of primary polydipsia and the PIP syndrome. Finally, we discuss treatment options.