Effect of Nurturing at Child Care Center on Gross and Fine Motoric, Language and Social Development in Children Aged Under Five Years in Ungaran Barat Subdistrict, Ungaran

Abstract

Background: Child development is influenced by several factors including parenting style, active learning, and physical need fulfillment. It is generally recommended that nurturing is provided by parents, namely parenting. Because of some constraints, however, some parents are not able to nurture. Child care center (Taman Pengasuhan Anak) is an alternative way of child nurturing. This study aimed to analize the effect of parenting style, active learning, and need fulfillment on gross and fine motoric development, as well as language and social development at child care center. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with retrospective cohort design. This study was conducted in Ungaran Barat Subdistrict, Ungaran, Central Java. A sample of 138 children under five years old with their mothers was selected by fixed exposured sampling for this study. The exogenous variables included parenting style, active learning, and need fulfillment. The endogenous variable was child development, including gross and fine motoric development, language and social development. The parenting style was measured by questionnaire. An observation sheet was used to observe and document child's active learning at child care center. Denver Development Screening Test (DDST) was used to measure child development. The data was analyzed by path analysis model. Results: Fulfillment of need had positive effect on child development, and it was marginally significant (b=1.38; 95% CI=-0.15 to 2.91; p=0.077). Children who were raised by democratic parenting style were more able to learn actively than those raised by non democratic parenting style, and it was statistically significant (b=1.12; 95% CI=0.14 to 2.11; p=0.025). Children who were raised by democratic parenting style were more able to fulfill their need than those raised by non democratic parenting style, and it was statistically significant (b=1.16; 95% CI=0.002 to 2.33; p=0.050). Children who actively learned were more able to fulfill their need than those who did not actively learn, and it was statistically significant (b=1.81; 95% CI=0.61 to 3.01; p=0.003). Conclusion: There are effects of parenting style, active learning, and need fulfillment on child development, including gross and fine motoric development, as well as language and social development.