Environment and Human Plasticity

Abstract

A number of hypotheses have been advanced to explain the phenomenon of human plasticity. This article is an attempt to re-examine these hypotheses in light of the evidence. The importance of this phenomenon was recognized by non-anthropologists long before Boas published his studies in 1911. Since then interest in human plasticity has grown, though, despite the number concerned, there still is disagreement as to the limits of the plasticity of the human organism. Most investigators agree with Boas in believing that the genetic potential of each individual limits the plasticity of the human organism. 5 separate research designs, totalling 25 studies, are reviewed and analyzed and the findings, where possible, have been compared and summarized. Studies covered include those of migrants and their children; migrants and nonmigrants; longitudinal growth; effects of diet on physique; and effects of climate and attitude on man's bodily dimensions. Based on the findings reported, it is possible to state that when changes in the environment occur before growth is completed, there will appear observable changes, some of which are subject to human control. In addition, changes in body measurements and rates of growth which can be traced to the environment tend to be most marked where the environment has changed most radically.-H. Angelino (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)